By J.K. YAMAMOTO,?Rafu Staff Writer
GARDENA — Japanese wig stylist Tokuo Toyotani gave a demonstration of his craft during a program titled “The Art of Tokoyama” on Aug. 6 at the Gardena Valley Japanese Cultural Institute.
Toyotani, of the renowned Gekidanshinpa Theatrical Group, showed how to comb wigs used in kabuki and classical dance, assisted by his son and protégé, Kazuhiro Toyotani. English translation was provided by dance instructor Bando Hidesomi.
Opening remarks were made by Michelle Yamashiro, GVJCI manager, and Randi Tahara, president of Nihon Buyo Kai of California, a nonprofit organization that supports Japanese traditional and classical dancing.
“We are composed of students from the Bando Ryu of classical dancing, so our board members are made up of Bando natori and longtime supporters,” said Tahara, who also informed the audience that noted instructor Bando Mitsuhiro had passed away earlier that week.
The younger Toyotani explained that a wig or katsuragoes through a two-step process. First a katsurayamakes an aluminum or copper framework (daigane) that is fitted to the dancer’s head and sews the hair (usually human hair) onto the habutae, which is made of silk and fitted over the metal foundation. Then the tokoyama’sjob is to comb and stylize the wig according to the type of role that will be performed.
Although there was a time in Japan when long, flat hair was a symbol of beauty, the elaborate hairstyles seen in kabuki and ukiyoe became popular during the Edo period, Toyotani said, adding, “It is said they had over 300 hairstyles.”
The traditional hairstyles became less popular from the Meiji period on, but can still be seen in maiko, sumo wrestlers, and other practitioners of traditional arts. Tokoyamafor performing arts and for sumo are considered separate crafts and are not interchangeable.
The elder Toyotani used special oil and wax to shape the wig, which consisted of bin (sections of hair on both sides of the face), tabo(hair on the back of the head), mage(central section) and maegami(forelock).
Adjustments are made “according to the role that is being portrayed or how tall the dancer is or how long her neck is,” said the younger Toyotani. “Depending on each person, they make it shorter or longer or make it rounder … Some people would like it wider, some people not as wide.”
Wigs of various styles were displayed. The style used for the demonstration was taka-shimada, in which the mageis elevated above the crown of the head, which is common in geisha dances or geisha roles.
Toyotani noted that various kinds of combs (kushi) and hairpins (kanzashi) are used to achieve the desired effect. They are decorated with such motifs as wisteria for the “Fujimusume” dance or shochikubai(pine, bamboo, plum), which is congratulatory or celebratory. Once the styling is completed, the wig is tied tightly “to keep it in place, keep the shape the way it is.”
The demonstration was followed by a Q&A session with the audience. The Toyotanis then fitted the katsuraonto the head of Bando Hiroharumi, who performed “Chiyo no Matsu” (Eternal Pines).
Photos by J.K. YAMAMOTO/Rafu Shimpo
